Как выполнить команду оболочки из Java

В Java мы можем использовать ProcessBuilder или Runtime.getRuntime().exec для выполнения команды внешней оболочки:

1. Конструктор процессов

	ProcessBuilder processBuilder = new ProcessBuilder();

	// -- Linux --

	// Run a shell command
	processBuilder.command("bash", "-c", "ls /home/mkyong/");

	// Run a shell script
	//processBuilder.command("path/to/hello.sh");

	// -- Windows --

	// Run a command
	//processBuilder.command("cmd.exe", "/c", "dir C:\\Users\\mkyong");

	// Run a bat file
	//processBuilder.command("C:\\Users\\mkyong\\hello.bat");

	try {

		Process process = processBuilder.start();

		StringBuilder output = new StringBuilder();

		BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(
				new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream()));

		String line;
		while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
			output.append(line + "\n");
		}

		int exitVal = process.waitFor();
		if (exitVal == 0) {
			System.out.println("Success!");
			System.out.println(output);
			System.exit(0);
		} else {
			//abnormal...
		}

	} catch (IOException e) {
		e.printStackTrace();
	} catch (InterruptedException e) {
		e.printStackTrace();
	}

2. Время выполнения.getRuntime().exec()

	try {

		// -- Linux --
		
		// Run a shell command
		// Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("ls /home/mkyong/");

		// Run a shell script
		// Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("path/to/hello.sh");

		// -- Windows --
		
		// Run a command
		//Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("cmd /c dir C:\\Users\\mkyong");

		//Run a bat file
		Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(
				"cmd /c hello.bat", null, new File("C:\\Users\\mkyong\\"));

		StringBuilder output = new StringBuilder();

		BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(
				new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream()));

		String line;
		while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
			output.append(line + "\n");
		}

		int exitVal = process.waitFor();
		if (exitVal == 0) {
			System.out.println("Success!");
			System.out.println(output);
			System.exit(0);
		} else {
			//abnormal...
		}

	} catch (IOException e) {
		e.printStackTrace();
	} catch (InterruptedException e) {
		e.printStackTrace();
	}

}

3. Пример ПИНГА

Пример выполнения команды ping и распечатки ее вывода.

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;

public class ProcessBuilderExample1 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        ProcessBuilder processBuilder = new ProcessBuilder();
        // Windows
        processBuilder.command("cmd.exe", "/c", "ping -n 3 google.com");

        try {

            Process process = processBuilder.start();

            BufferedReader reader =
                    new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream()));

            String line;
            while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
                System.out.println(line);
            }

            int exitCode = process.waitFor();
            System.out.println("\nExited with error code : " + exitCode);

        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }

}

Выход

Pinging google.com [172.217.31.78] with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 172.217.31.78: bytes=32 time=13ms TTL=55
Reply from 172.217.31.78: bytes=32 time=7ms TTL=55
Reply from 172.217.31.78: bytes=32 time=6ms TTL=55

Ping statistics for 172.217.31.78:
    Packets: Sent = 3, Received = 3, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
    Minimum = 6ms, Maximum = 13ms, Average = 8ms

Exited with error code : 0

4. Пример ХОСТА

Пример выполнения команды оболочки host -t a google.com чтобы получить все IP-адреса, которые подключены к google.com . Позже мы используем регулярное выражение, чтобы захватить все IP-адреса и отобразить их.

P.S Команда “хост” доступна только в системе *nix.

package com.mkyong.shell;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;

public class ExecuteShellComand {

	private static final String IPADDRESS_PATTERN = "([01]?\\d\\d?|2[0-4]\\d|25[0-5])" 
		+ "\\.([01]?\\d\\d?|2[0-4]\\d|25[0-5])" 
		+ "\\.([01]?\\d\\d?|2[0-4]\\d|25[0-5])" 
		+ "\\.([01]?\\d\\d?|2[0-4]\\d|25[0-5])";

	private static Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile(IPADDRESS_PATTERN);
	private static Matcher matcher;

	public static void main(String[] args) {

		ExecuteShellComand obj = new ExecuteShellComand();

		String domainName = "google.com";
		String command = "host -t a " + domainName;
		
		String output = obj.executeCommand(command);

		//System.out.println(output);
		
		List list = obj.getIpAddress(output);

		if (list.size() > 0) {
			System.out.printf("%s has address : %n", domainName);
			for (String ip : list) {
				System.out.println(ip);
			}
		} else {
			System.out.printf("%s has NO address. %n", domainName);
		}

	}

	private String executeCommand(String command) {

		StringBuffer output = new StringBuffer();

		Process p;
		try {
			p = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(command);
			p.waitFor();
			BufferedReader reader = 
                           new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(p.getInputStream()));

			String line = "";			
			while ((line = reader.readLine())!= null) {
				output.append(line + "\n");
			}

		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}

		return output.toString();

	}

	public List getIpAddress(String msg) {

		List ipList = new ArrayList();

		if (msg == null || msg.equals(""))
			return ipList;

		matcher = pattern.matcher(msg);
		while (matcher.find()) {
			ipList.add(matcher.group(0));
		}

		return ipList;
	}
}

Выход

google.com has address : 
74.125.135.x
74.125.135.x
74.125.135.x
74.125.135.x
74.125.135.x
74.125.135.x

1. Конструктор процессов

2. Время выполнения.getRuntime().exec()

3. Пример ПИНГА

4. Пример ХОСТА

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