OkHttp – Как отправлять HTTP-запросы

В этой статье показано, как использовать библиотеку OkHttp для отправки HTTP-запросов GET/POST, и приведены некоторые часто используемые примеры.

P.S Протестировано с помощью OkHttp 4.2.2

	
	  com.squareup.okhttp3
	  okhttp
	  4.2.2

1. Синхронный Запрос На Получение

package com.mkyong.http;

import okhttp3.Headers;
import okhttp3.OkHttpClient;
import okhttp3.Request;
import okhttp3.Response;

import java.io.IOException;

public class OkHttpExample1 {

    // only one client, singleton, better puts it in a factory, 
	// multiple instances will create more memory.
    private final OkHttpClient httpClient = new OkHttpClient();

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        OkHttpExample1 obj = new OkHttpExample1();
        obj.sendGETSync();
    }

    private void sendGETSync() throws IOException {

        Request request = new Request.Builder()
                .url("https://httpbin.org/get")
                .addHeader("custom-key", "mkyong")  // add request headers
                .addHeader("User-Agent", "OkHttp Bot")
                .build();

        try (Response response = httpClient.newCall(request).execute()) {

            if (!response.isSuccessful()) throw new IOException("Unexpected code " + response);

            // Get response headers
            Headers responseHeaders = response.headers();
            for (int i = 0; i < responseHeaders.size(); i++) {
                System.out.println(responseHeaders.name(i) + ": " + responseHeaders.value(i));
            }

            // Get response body
            System.out.println(response.body().string());
        }

    }

}

2. Асинхронный Запрос На Получение

package com.mkyong.okhttp;

import okhttp3.*;
import java.io.IOException;

public class OkHttpExample2 {

    // only one client
    private final OkHttpClient httpClient = new OkHttpClient();

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        OkHttpExample2 obj = new OkHttpExample2();
        obj.sendGET();
    }

    private void sendGET() throws IOException {

        Request request = new Request.Builder()
                .url("https://httpbin.org/get")
                .addHeader("custom-key", "mkyong")  // add request headers
                .addHeader("User-Agent", "OkHttp Bot")
                .build();

        httpClient.newCall(request).enqueue(new Callback() {
            @Override
            public void onFailure(Call call, IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

            @Override
            public void onResponse(Call call, Response response) throws IOException {
                try (ResponseBody responseBody = response.body()) {
                    if (!response.isSuccessful()) throw new IOException("Unexpected code " + response);

                    // Get response headers
                    Headers responseHeaders = response.headers();
                    for (int i = 0, size = responseHeaders.size(); i < size; i++) {
                        System.out.println(responseHeaders.name(i) + ": " + responseHeaders.value(i));
                    }

                    // Get response body
                    System.out.println(responseBody.string());
                }
            }
        });

    }

}

3. Параметры формы запроса на отправку

3.1 Добавить из параметров в Тело запроса

package com.mkyong.http;

import okhttp3.*;

import java.io.IOException;

public class OkHttpExample3 {

    private final OkHttpClient httpClient = new OkHttpClient();

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        OkHttpExample3 obj = new OkHttpExample3();
        obj.sendPOST();
    }

    private void sendPOST() throws IOException {

        // form parameters
        RequestBody formBody = new FormBody.Builder()
                .add("username", "abc")
                .add("password", "123")
                .add("custom", "secret")
                .build();

        Request request = new Request.Builder()
                .url("https://httpbin.org/post")
                .addHeader("User-Agent", "OkHttp Bot")
                .post(formBody)
                .build();

        try (Response response = httpClient.newCall(request).execute()) {

            if (!response.isSuccessful()) throw new IOException("Unexpected code " + response);

            // Get response body
            System.out.println(response.body().string());
        }

    }

}

4. Запрос на публикацию – JSON

4.1 Создайте JSON Тело запроса вручную.

package com.mkyong.http;

import okhttp3.*;

import java.io.IOException;

public class OkHttpExample4 {

    private final OkHttpClient httpClient = new OkHttpClient();

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        OkHttpExample4 obj = new OkHttpExample4();
        obj.sendPOST();
    }

    private void sendPOST() throws IOException {

        // json formatted data
        String json = new StringBuilder()
                .append("{")
                .append("\"name\":\"mkyong\",")
                .append("\"notes\":\"hello\"")
                .append("}").toString();

		// json request body
        RequestBody body = RequestBody.create(
                json,
                MediaType.parse("application/json; charset=utf-8")
        );

        Request request = new Request.Builder()
                .url("https://httpbin.org/post")
                .addHeader("User-Agent", "OkHttp Bot")
                .post(body)
                .build();

        try (Response response = httpClient.newCall(request).execute()) {

            if (!response.isSuccessful()) throw new IOException("Unexpected code " + response);

            // Get response body
            System.out.println(response.body().string());
        }

    }

}

5. Идентификация

Запустите простое веб-приложение Spring Security, обеспечивающее базовую аутентификацию HTTP, и протестируйте его с помощью библиотеки OkHttp.

5.1 Аутентификация заголовка по Запросу напрямую.

	Request request = new Request.Builder()
		.url("http://localhost:8080/books")
		.addHeader("Authorization", Credentials.basic("user", "password"))
		.build();

5.2 Создайте Аутентификатор , более гибкий для обработки аутентификации.

	private final Authenticator authenticator = new Authenticator() {
        @Override
        public Request authenticate(Route route, Response response) throws IOException {
            if (response.request().header("Authorization") != null) {
                return null; // Give up, we've already attempted to authenticate.
            }

            System.out.println("Authenticating for response: " + response);
            System.out.println("Challenges: " + response.challenges());
            String credential = Credentials.basic("user", "password");
            return response.request().newBuilder()
                    .header("Authorization", credential)
                    .build();
        }
    };

    private final OkHttpClient httpClient = new OkHttpClient
		.Builder()
		.authenticator(authenticator)
		.build();

6. Часто задаваемые вопросы

6.1 Отключено перенаправление.

	private final OkHttpClient httpClient = new OkHttpClient.Builder()
            .followRedirects(false)
            .build();

6.2 Тайм-аут, 5 секунд.

	private final OkHttpClient httpClient = new OkHttpClient.Builder()
            .connectTimeout(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
            .writeTimeout(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
            .readTimeout(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
            .build();